The Frequency of Skills Used in a Match by
Winner Class B and Class E in Pencak Silat Tanding at 28th Sea Games Singapore
2015.
Nurul Afidah Binti Kasim
Faculty of Sports
Science & Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM) , Malaysia
Key words: kicking, punching, silat, hand notational
_____________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to understand the
frequencies differences of skills performed within winner and loser in the
primary category of Pencak Silat in Singapore SEA Games 2015. The game that had been
analyzed is between Vietnam vs.
Malaysia Class B Semi Final, Thailand vs. Malaysia Class B Final, Singapore vs.
Malaysia Class E Semi Final, and Vietnam vs. Malaysia Class E Final in Pencak
Silat Tanding. In order to figure out which skills will score more
during the game. The method employed to gather data is analyzing the published
video that was put up on YouTube. The activities skills that are visualized by
the teams are identified. By using descriptive statistical analysis, the mean
and the standard deviation for each variable is calculated from the data
obtained from the video analysis. Thus, the winner has performed kicking skills
more than punching skills and which hit on target.
Silat may be a standout amongst universal military on Malay society
which as of now existed previous a few tens. Pencak Silat may be an interesting
military that established for Malay society. Those expressions Pencak Silat
also need aid consolidated to structure a intensify statement which constituted
an association of the solidarity from claiming Pencak schools. Furthermore,
Silat schools for Indonesia might have been established over Surakarta over
1948, which known as Ikatan Pencak Silat indonesia (The indonesian Pencak Silat
Association), abbreviated as IPSI [3].
Finalized alongside preparation programs, those physiological
prerequisites and understanding of the match may be obliged [1]. Pencak Silat
are utilizing different aptitudes for example, punching, kicking, gagging up,
make and tumble. There would few investigations that have been directed should
figure out those approaches with move forward the execution. Therefore, the
point of the review will be will analyze which ability will be more effective with
take higher evaluations throughout the rivalry if the ability about punching
alternately kicking.
A video recording of 6 male silat athletes in the Singapore SEA Games
2015 which is publicly available has been used in this analysis. The category
that the author had analyzed is Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class B of the 55kg
weight category and Class E of the 70 kg weight category. The analysis is to identify the different
types of skills that shown by the athlete during the selected match that had
been analyzed. The video were repeated played where it is necessary and the
playback had been slowed motion as the procedure to the observer to determine
the frequencies of the types of case that measured from the video.
Silat exponent’s motions were coded into 2 different skills of
attacking skills and were defined as follows:
Punch:
The punch ‘tumbuk’ is form
of attacking is done by a closed fist of the hand hitting toward the target. In
Silat, punching skills are actions that shoot the opponent either front punch
or side punch towards the opponent’s bodies to win spots in the fight [9].
Kick:
The kicking skills are an attacking movement which is executed with
one leg or two legs at the same time. In Silat Tanding battle, a kick can be
trained at any mark of the opponent’s torso. It can be front kick, side flush,
back kick or semi-circular side kick [9].
Block:
Restricting movement begins with posture
position ‘sikap pasang’: exponential
standing straight with her hands whole body or close to his chest. Blocking or
parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done by
using arms, elbows and leg with aim to prevent or withdraw at any attack [9].
Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’
carried by hand to prevent opponent from carrying out attacks. Silat exponent
can prevent itself from attack he pointed to the attack have been arrested for
the other direction. Capture the disorder or drags the opponent is prohibited.
A catch that can solve part held such as leg and waist are prohibited. These
rules exist to protect the silat exponent [9].
Topple:
There are ways to bring down an opponent down. For example, a silat
exponent of ‘pesilat’ can be either
push, push opponents back away from the bag or from the side, push, punch,
kick, strike or punched to make your opponent off balance. Every fall is not
valid as long as silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or
she is able to defeat an opponent that he had been brought down [9].
Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves
attacking the opponent's feet on the ground to unstabilise him and brought down
to the ground. An exponent of silat can do this movement attacking either his
right or left leg. Thus, the front sweep ‘sapuan
depan’ done by swinging the leg forward to push opposite front leg, while a
swipe back ‘sapuan belakang’ carried
out by swinging the leg backwards to hit the back leg [9].
Evade/Dodge:
The dodge ‘elakan’ silat
techniques carried out by the athlete when he tried to prevent the attack. This
technique does not require touching the silat exponents in fending off
opponents off the attack. They are many ways to carry out his defensive
movements such as dodging ‘gelek’ retreat ‘mundur’,
evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’,
bending ‘elak serung’. Jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and others [9].
Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to open any
clinching or arrests of opponents [9].
Block
and Punch:
Blocking techniques used to prevent any attack from the opponent's
hands or leg and followed with a counter-attack by hand to punch the opponent
[9].
Block
and Kick:
Blocking techniques used to prevent any attack from the opponent's
hands or leg and followed with a counter-attack using the foot to kick the
opponent [9].
Block and Sweep:
Blocking techniques used to prevent any attack from the opponent's
hands or leg, followed by a sweeping counter-attack technique to the opponent
[9].
Fake
Punch:
An action that a silat exponent intends to confuse opponents using
fake punch to break his opponent's defense posture.
Fake
Kick:
An action that a silat exponent intends to confuse opponents using
fake kick to break his opponent's defense posture.
Others:
Both silat opponents are either standing
posture ‘sikap pasang’ or come close to each other using a pattern martial step
‘pola langkah’. All activities are considered high intensity except others were
at that time the both silat opponents are in the low intensity periods [9].
Each transition of the actions was observed by the analyst. The
observations of the match were done by one and half hours. In order to examine
the data from the game, an experienced silat professional is needed because the
game is quick and need to be more focus for each accomplishment.
The observation generated data will
be the frequency of the information collected. All the data collected are key -
in into SPSS for more detailed statistical analysis. In this analysis the SPSS
version 24 is being used. The descriptive test which is mean, mode, median and
standard deviation are being outputted.
RESULTS
Table 1: Frequency of actions and outcomes
recorded during a silat match category Men’s 55 kg Class B Semi Final- Malaysia
|
Action
|
Hit
elsewhere
|
Hit
target
|
Miss
opponent
|
Not
Available
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
4
|
4
|
|||
|
Block
and Kick
|
|||||
|
Block
and Punch
|
|||||
|
Block
and Sweep
|
3
|
3
|
6
|
||
|
Kick
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
||
|
Fake
Kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Punch
|
4
|
4
|
|||
|
Fake
Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Self-Release
|
|||||
|
Topple
|
|||||
|
Sweep
|
|||||
|
Catch
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
||
|
Dodge/Evade
|
6
|
6
|
|||
|
Others
|
10
|
10
|
|||
|
Total
|
1
|
17
|
4
|
18
|
40
|
*Note: Not available – means action that did not count as outcome by
observer
Others – means low intensity
activities.
Table 2: Frequency of actions and outcomes
recorded during a silat match category Men’s 55 kg Class B Final- Malaysia
|
Action
|
Hit
elsewhere
|
Hit
target
|
Miss
opponent
|
Not
Available
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
3
|
3
|
|||
|
Block
and Kick
|
|||||
|
Block
and Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Block
and Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
5
|
|
|
Kick
|
3
|
6
|
9
|
||
|
Fake
Kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Punch
|
7
|
1
|
8
|
||
|
Fake
Punch
|
3
|
3
|
|||
|
Self-Release
|
|||||
|
Topple
|
|||||
|
Sweep
|
|||||
|
Catch
|
2
|
2
|
|||
|
Dodge/Evade
|
7
|
7
|
|||
|
Others
|
20
|
20
|
|||
|
Total
|
4
|
20
|
4
|
31
|
59
|
Table 3: Frequency of actions and outcomes
recorded during a silat match category Men’s 70 kg Class E Semi Final- Malaysia
|
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
Action
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
5
|
5
|
|||
|
Block and Kick
|
|||||
|
Block and Punch
|
|||||
|
Block and Sweep
|
13
|
2
|
15
|
||
|
Kick
|
3
|
18
|
21
|
||
|
Fake Kick
|
4
|
4
|
|||
|
Punch
|
5
|
5
|
|||
|
Fake Punch
|
2
|
||||
|
Self-Release
|
2
|
2
|
|||
|
Topple
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Catch
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
||
|
Dodge/Evade
|
14
|
14
|
|||
|
Others
|
20
|
20
|
|||
|
Total
|
3
|
48
|
3
|
40
|
94
|
Table 4: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during a silat
match category Men’s 70 kg Class E Final- Malaysia
|
|
Outcome
|
||||
|
Action
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Not Available
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Block and Kick
|
|||||
|
Block and Punch
|
|||||
|
Block and Sweep
|
10
|
2
|
12
|
||
|
Kick
|
4
|
7
|
5
|
16
|
|
|
Fake Kick
|
|||||
|
Punch
|
|||||
|
Fake Punch
|
|||||
|
Self-Release
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Topple
|
1
|
1
|
|||
|
Sweep
|
|||||
|
Catch
|
13
|
1
|
14
|
||
|
Dodge/Evade
|
23
|
23
|
|||
|
Others
|
23
|
23
|
|||
|
Total
|
4
|
34
|
9
|
46
|
93
|
Table 5: Frequency profile of the contestants
|
Exponent
|
Block
|
Kick
|
Other*
|
Total
|
|
Men's
55 Kg Class B Semi Final
|
||||
|
Vietnam
|
4
|
10
|
42
|
56
|
|
Malaysia
|
10
|
6
|
24
|
40
|
|
Men's
55 Kg Class B Final
|
||||
|
Thailand
|
1
|
13
|
35
|
49
|
|
Malaysia
|
9
|
10
|
40
|
59
|
|
Men's
70 Kg Class E Semi Final
|
||||
|
Singapore
|
7
|
23
|
32
|
62
|
|
Malaysia
|
20
|
25
|
49
|
94
|
|
Men's
70 Kg Class E Final
|
||||
|
Vietnam
|
3
|
26
|
52
|
81
|
|
Malaysia
|
15
|
16
|
62
|
93
|
|
Total
|
69
|
129
|
336
|
534
|
*Note:
‘Other’ here refers to other
activities than block and kick.
Table 6: The mean, standard deviation and
frequency of skills used in a match by winner and loser Class B and Class E in
Pencak Silat Tanding at 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015
|
Category
|
Exponent
|
Winner
|
Exponent
|
Loser
|
|
Class B Semi Final
|
Malaysia
|
40
|
Vietnam
|
56
|
|
Class B Final
|
Malaysia
|
59
|
Thailand
|
49
|
|
Class E Semi Final
|
Malaysia
|
94
|
Singapore
|
62
|
|
Class E Final
|
Malaysia
|
93
|
Malaysia
|
81
|
|
Total
|
286
|
248
|
||
|
Mean
|
71.5
|
62
|
||
|
Standard deviation
|
|
26.57
|
|
13.73
|
|
Variance (standard deviation)
|
|
705.67
|
|
188.66
|
|
Population standard deviation
|
|
23.00
|
|
11.89
|
|
Variance (population standard deviation
|
|
529.25
|
|
141.5
|
Based on results of Table 1, Table
2, Table 3, and Table 4 shows the frequency of actions and outcomes recorded
during a silat match category by a winner. All the 4 matches of class B and D
are being conquered by Malaysia. It shows athletes from Malaysia are dominant
to control an opponent during the match. All the data recorded shows that the
winners were consist of kicking and punching action. However, the percentage of
block and sweep was greater than percentage of punches. Although the punching
frequency is lower than the kick, hit the target high percentage shows that
punching is the most successful action for a silat exponent to get a point in
the competition [9].
All athletes perform movements in silat when the competition is held
to earn points. Most movements required anaerobic energy system. In other words
is explosive movement that’s means the movement requires 0-15 seconds. It can
be assumed that the source of anaerobic contribute to the metabolic demand
during the work spent performing high intensity activity such as punching,
kicking, blocking, dodging, shooting, swiping, and dropping. During low
intensity activities both athletes have been deemed to have committed acts of
low activity such as "sikap pasang" posture or come close to each
other using martial step pattern "pola langkah" [9].
The winners can performs better lower body movement such as kicking
and swiping as a ways of toppling down opponents. According to Aziz et al. [1]
reported that compared with judo and taekwondo, silat athletes have better leg
power and is capable of performing in a short period with high intensity. To
taking down the opponent is not easy because the pesilat need to have a really
good skill of how to taking down the opponent.
Table 5 recorded all the frequency of skills used in a match in silat
for class B and E category. Total skill used in all matches is 534 skills. The
dominant of skill used by the pesilat is kicking skills.
Table 6 shows the summary of the data such as mean and standard
deviation (SD). The mean values for winner is higher compare to loser opponents
which is total 71.5 and 62 respectively. It shown that the winner used more
skills motion compares to the loser. The SD values for winners are 26.57 and
13.73 for the loser.
Based on the data recorded, the winner’s performances are dominant to
kicking skill. However, they need to practice to strengthen their ability. The
pesilat also need to improve their skill related fitness because it is
important to develop the skills that contribute to scoring points in addition
to developing the metabolic system involved in the martial arts competition
[9].
As conclusion, from this match, the skills that often been
used in “Silat Pencak Tanding” is punching skills as the result above shown the
situation. From the analysis above, the author show the understanding of the
divergences between the attacking skills had been frequently practiced among
men athletes.. The men athletes also use more kick, hit on target attacking compare
using punching skills in attacking their opponent. By using kicking skills as
they can mark points to gain the match because kicking skills can be performed
on any body part so he can score point easily but far above match analyzed.
RECOMMENDATION
Silat is the ancient
South East Asian martial art that encompasses hand-to-hand combat as well as
weaponry. For producing the best silat fighters and champions in the country is
not an easy job. The pesilat need to be creative in
visualization. Many pro fighters and others use this technique because your
mind can control your body. Control your mind, you control your body. This is
combat conditioning for the mind.
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